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A Colonial Revival garden is a garden design intended to evoke the garden design typical of the Colonial period of the United States. The Colonial Revival garden is typified by simple rectilinear beds, straight (rather than winding) pathways through the garden, and perennial plants from the fruit, ornamental flower, and vegetable groups.〔Tankard, p. 67.〕 The garden is usually enclosed, often by low walls, fences, or hedges.〔 The Colonial Revival gardening movement was an important development in the gardening movement in the United States.〔Seeber, p. 224.〕 ==The American colonial garden== Generalizing about the common house garden in the colonial period in the United States is difficult,〔Damrosch, p. 32.〕 as garden plantings and even design varied considerably depending on the time period, wealth, climate, colonial heritage (whether British, French, or Spanish), and the purpose to which the garden was to be put (vegetable, flower, herb, etc.). Because of the overwhelmingly strong British influence in colonial America, the "colonial garden" generally refers to the most common type of garden found in the 13 British colonies. Colonial-era gardens in the southern colonies often exhibited the same design as those in the north.〔McGuire, p. 61.〕 Gardens of the wealthy, however, often employed newer gardening ideas, such as the landscape garden or English garden.〔Favretti and Favretti, p. 4.〕 Colonial gardens tended to be small and close to the house.〔Emmet, p. 180-181.〕 A straight walkway generally extended on a line equal with the entrance to the house through the center of the garden.〔 (This layout was often abandoned in the north, where it was more important to site the garden so the building protected it from northwest winds.)〔Favretti and Favretti, p. 11.〕 Perpendicular straight paths often extended from this central path.〔 Planting beds were usually square or rectangular〔 although circular beds were also seen.〔Johnson, p. 74.〕 In almost all cases, beds were raised to provide good drainage.〔Kunst, p. 47.〕 Beds could sometimes be bordered with low-growing, neat plants such as chive or pinks.〔 In areas with a Spanish influence, orchards generally were attached to the garden.〔 The paths in the Colonial American garden were generally of brick, gravel, or stone.〔 Brick was more commonly used in the south, however.〔 Enclosure of the garden was common, often with boxwood hedges or wooden fences.〔〔Phillips and Burrell, p. 27.〕 Picket fences were common, but boxwood was usually used only in the south and in the later colonial period.〔Damrosch, p. 38.〕 Plantings in colonial gardens were generally not separated by type. Fruits, herbs, ornamental flowers, and vegetables were usually mixed together in the same planting bed.〔Damrosch, p. 33.〕 Ornamental flowers were often grown closer to the house, however, while vegetables which needed space to grow (such as corn, green beans, or pumpkins) would often be grown in larger beds further away.〔 Fruit trees would sometimes line paths, to provide shade and produce,〔 but fruit bushes were as common as fruit trees〔Karson, p. 117.〕 and always planted in the interior of the garden.〔Favretti and Favretti, p. 12.〕 Fruit trees would also be planted along the external border of the garden (while wealthier people with more land planted them in orchards).〔 Ornamental shrubs were rare, but could include azalea, lilac, and mock orange.〔 A stand-alone herb garden was uncommon in the United States.〔Favretti and Favretti, p. 13.〕 However, Colonial American herb gardens were generally of the same design as other gardens. They were usually less than across, and often consisted of four square plots separated by gravel paths.〔 More commonly, herbs were mixed in with flowers and other plants.〔Kowalchik, Hylton, and Carr, p. 201.〕 Commonly planted herbs included angelica, basil, burnet, calendula, caraway, chamomile, chervil, coriander, comfrey, dill, fennel, licorice, mint, nasturtium, parsley, sage, and tarragon.〔 Herbs to a Colonial American did not have the same meaning as the words does in modern America. To colonists, "herb" meant not only savory plants added to dishes to enhance flavor but included medicinal plants as well as greens (such as nasturiums and calendulas) meant to be eaten raw or cooked as part of a salad.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Colonial Revival garden」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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